The subject of this seminar is the European war that involved (directly or indirectly) every country in Europe, leading to religious and political realignments, rebellion and civil war, and huge civilian losses. It brought the existing system of governance into question and opened the way to what we know as the Age of Absolutism. The readings for the course will cover the center of the conflict, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, but also France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and England. Requirements, besides the weekly readings, will include a short historiographical paper and a longer research paper. EUR