Research in networks involves both hardware and software, and spans both user space and operating systems. Topics include wide-area networks and local-area networks, wired technology and wireless/mobile technology, data and telephony communications as well as integrated services, and applications (e.g., Web browsing) and modem access. Networking includes enabling technologies for other systems in distance learning, multimedia systems, distributed super-computing, telemedicine, collaborative research, electronic commerce, and online entertainment. Distributed systems is the study of the communication and coordination patterns of components found in networked computers.